EFFECT OF CARBOHYDRATE COUNTING ON HBA1C, BMI, AND LDL IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS: LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Proper management of type 1 diabetes mellitus can maintain the optimal quality of life of patients. Carbohydrate counting is a method of nutritional intervention that is more flexible and has been widely used by patients with diabetes mellitus as glycemic control. This study aims to investigate the effect of the carbohydrate counting method on HbA1c, BMI, and LDL in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Systemic Mapping Study (Scoping Study) was used in this study as a literature study. The included criteria were met in a total of 10 types of literature, most of which were cross-sectional studies, randomized control tests, and pilot studies with a large sample of more than 35 students. Nine out of ten studies showed a decrease in HbA1c with the method carbohydrate counting, while the remaining one study reported an increase in HbA1c with the method carbohydrate counting. Four of the seven studies showed a lower mean BMI with the method carbohydrate counting, two studies reported no significant difference in BMI between the intervention group and the control group, and one remaining study reported an increase in BMI with the method carbohydrate counting. Four of the five studies showed a lower mean LDL by method carbohydrate counting, and the remaining one study reported an increase in LDL by method carbohydrate counting. The results of the literature review show that the method carbohydrate counting can reduce the concentration of HbA1c, BMI, and LDL in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.