THE DEGREE OF COLORECTAL CANCER DIFERENTIATION AND INFILTRATION WITH TISSUE INTELEUKIN 6 EXPRESSION

Stanley Sugihwardojo, Bernadette Dian Novita, Imelda Theodora

Abstract


Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies reported in Indonesia, and it takes the fourth position as the most prevalent cancer just after lung carcinoma. Worldwide prevalence of CRC in 2020 is 34.189 cases, contributing to the 8.6% of all cancers reported. The diagnosis of nm is established through advanced examination such as colonoscopy, although other supporting examinations, consisted of occult blood test and histopathology examination are also performed to further evaluate the diagnosis. Pathogenesis of CRC involves the pro-carcinogenic factors (IL-6, IL-1 and TNFα) accompanied by genetic mutation that predominate the anti-carcinogenic factors ; this pathological process underlies the occurrence of CRC.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the degree of colorectal adenocarcinoma differentiation and infiltration with tissue IL-6 expression.

Methods: This study conducted observational analytic method with retrospective study design. The degree of colorectal adenocarcinoma differentiation and infiltration were identified through histopathological examination; the degree of tissue IL-6 expression was measured by the absorption rate of pigment containing anti-IL-6. Correlation test was performed by using Spearman Rank test on SPSS version 25.

Results: There was a significant correlation between the degree of adenocarcinoma differentiation with tissue IL-6 expression (p = 0.039; < 0.05), but not with the degree of tumor infiltration (p = 0.129 ; > 0.05). Statistical test also showed negative, significant correlation between sex and IL-6 expression, indicating male predominance of IL-6 expression on colorectal adenocarcinoma cases ; this finding is supported with T-test that revealed significant difference of interleukin-6 expression between male and female sex.

Discussion: The reported results in this study correspond with the previous studies conducted, except for the correlation between the tumor infiltration and interleukin-6 expression. Tumor infiltration along with its differentiation describe a complex process and influenced by various factors, including hormone, cytokines, and growth factors.

Conclusion: Tissue IL-6 expression is correlated with the degree of colorectal adenocarcinoma differentiation, but not with the degree of infiltration.


Save to Mendeley


Keywords


adenocarcinoma; differentiation; IL-6; colorectal carcinoma

Full Text:

PDF

References


WHO IAFRIC. Estimated Cancer Incidence,Mortality and Prevalence Indonesia. 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 29]; Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/360-indonesia-fact-sheets.pdf

Abdullah M, Wisaksono Sudoyo A, Utomo AR, Fauzi A, Aziz Rani A. Molecular profile of colorectal cancer in Indonesia: is there another pathway? Vol. 5, Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench. 2012.

Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, Smith RA, Brooks D, Andrews KS, et al. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. CA Cancer J Clin [Internet]. 2008 May 1 [cited 2022 Apr 29];58(3):130–60. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18322143/

Elsafi SH, Alqahtani NI, Zakary NY, al Zahrani EM. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios of fecal occult blood test for the detection of colorectal cancer in hospital settings. Clin Exp Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2015 Sep 9 [cited 2022 Apr 29];8:279–84. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26392783/

Naugler WE, Karin M. The wolf in sheep’s clothing: the role of interleukin-6 in immunity, inflammation and cancer. Trends Mol Med [Internet]. 2008 Mar [cited 2022 Apr 29];14(3):109–19. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18261959/

Grivennikov S, Karin E, Terzic J, Mucida D, Yu GY, Vallabhapurapu S, et al. IL-6 and Stat3 are required for survival of intestinal epithelial cells and development of colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Cell [Internet]. 2009 Feb 3 [cited 2022 Apr 29];15(2):103–13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19185845/

Bromberg JF, Wrzeszczynska MH, Devgan G, Zhao Y, Pestell RG, Albanese C, et al. Stat3 as an oncogene. Cell [Internet]. 1999 Aug 6 [cited 2022 Apr 29];98(3):295–303. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10458605/

Kraus S, Arber N. Inflammation and colorectal cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol [Internet]. 2009 Aug [cited 2022 Apr 29];9(4):405–10. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19589728/

Knüpfer H, Preiß R. Significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in breast cancer (review). Breast Cancer Res Treat [Internet]. 2007 Apr [cited 2022 Apr 29];102(2):129–35. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16927176/

Zeng J, Tang ZH, Liu S, Guo SS. Clinicopathological significance of overexpression of interleukin-6 in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2017 Mar 14 [cited 2022 Apr 29];23(10):1780. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5352918/

Wang K, Kim MK, DiCaro G, Wong J, Shalapour S, Wan J, et al. Interleukin-17 receptor a signaling in transformed enterocytes promotes early colorectal tumorigenesis. Immunity [Internet]. 2014 Dec 18 [cited 2022 Apr 29];41(6):1052–63. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25526314/

Ueda T, Shimada E, Urakawa T. Serum levels of cytokines in patients with colorectal cancer: Possible involvement of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in hematogenous metastasis. J Gastroenterol. 1994 Aug;29(4):423–9.

Kinoshita T, Ito H, Miki C. Serum interleukin-6 level reflects the tumor proliferative activity in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Cancer. 1999 Jun 15;85(12):2526–31.

Chung YC, Chang YF. Serum interleukin-6 levels reflect the disease status of colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 2003 Aug 1;83(4):222–6.

Majek O, Gondos A, Jansen L, Emrich K, Holleczek B, Katalinic A, et al. Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer Survival: Population-Based Analysis of 164,996 Colorectal Cancer Patients in Germany. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):1–7.

Banday MZ, Balkhi HM, Sameer AS, Chowdri NA, Haq E. Strong association of interleukin-6 −174G/C promoter single nucleotide polymorphism with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer in ethnic Kashmiri population: A case control study. Tumor Biology. 2017;39(3):1–13.

Rennert G. Reproductive factors, hormones and colorectal cancer - Still unresolved. Br J Cancer. 2017;116(1):1–3.

Abancens M, Bustos V, Harvey H, McBryan J, Harvey BJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10(December):1–27.

Song CH, Kim N, Lee SM, Nam RH, Choi SI, Kang SR, et al. Effects of 17β-estradiol on colorectal cancer development after azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium treatment of ovariectomized mice. Biochem Pharmacol. 2019;164(February):139–51.

Zeng J, Tang ZH, Liu S, Guo SS. Clinicopathological significance of overexpression of interleukin-6 in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(10):1780–6.

Mohamad BJ, Zghair FA. Interleukin-6 Expression in Colorectal Tumors in Iraqi Patients. 2019;1–8.

Lu C chang, Kuo H chun, Wang F sheng, Jou M huey, Lee K chao. Upregulation of TLRs and IL-6 as a Marker in Human Colorectal Cancer. 2015;1(September 2014):159–77.

Aditya A, Ratnasari N, Barupurnama P. EKSPRESI INTERLEUKIN-6 JARINGAN KANKER BERDASARKAN DERAJAT DIFERENSIASI TUMOR [Internet]. Perpustakaan RSUP Dr.Sardjito. 2016. p. 2. Available from: http://103.247.15.3:8123/inlislite3/opac/pencarian-sederhana?action=pencarianSederhana&katakunci=Karsinoma+Kolorektal&ruas=Subyek&bahan=Semua+Jenis+Bahan&fAuthor=Putut+Bayupurnama&fPublisher=FK+UGM%2C&fPublishLoc=Yogyakarta+%3A&fPublishYear=&fSubject=

Turano M, Cammarota F, Duraturo F, Izzo P, De Rosa M. A potential role of il-6/il-6r in the development and management of colon cancer. Membranes (Basel). 2021;11(5):1–13.

Esfandi F, Mohammadzadeh Ghobadloo S, Basati G. Interleukin-6 level in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett. 2006;244(1):76–8.

Tsui KH, Wang SW, Chung LC, Feng TH, Lee TY, Chang PL, et al. Mechanisms by which interleukin-6 attenuates cell invasion and tumorigenesis in human bladder carcinoma cells. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33508/jwmj.v5i3.4809

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.