Pemeriksaan Imunofluoresen Direk pada Henoch Schonlein Purpura

Abstract

Henoch-Schlein purpura (HSP) is an acute immunoglobulin A (IgA)mediated vasculitis involving the small vessels. This disease cause systemic involvement of many organ especially the skin, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the kidneys.
The etiology of HSP is not clear. Precipitating factors include drugs, chemicals, viruses and bacteria. Pathogenesis of HSP involve Ig Amediated immune complex that are circulated in blood vessel and deposited in many organs. The presence of IgA-mediated immune complex deposits will activate the complement system, causing inflammation in the form of vasculitis that damage the small blood vessels in many organs.
Hsp is a self-limiting disease that require supportive therapy. The problem that arises is how to distinguish HSP with other vasculitis diseases. A skin biopsy in patients with hsp will reveal leukocytoclastic vasculitis in small vessel. That kind of vasculitis are also found in urticarial vasculitis, hypersensitivity vasculitis and vasculitis due to cryoglobulinemia. Direct Immunofluorescence test from skin biopsy tissue will help to make the diagnosis of HSP. The presence of IgA deposits in small blood vessels wall can distinguish HSP from other vasculitis.